Abstract: Litchi breeding has been mainly resort to seedling selection and phenotype selection for a long term. Considerable difficulties in the initial stage and slow progress of genetic improvement in litchi were mainly due to its unclear genetic background of germplasm, chaos of cultivar name, lack of high efficient modern technology such as early identification of hybrids and functional gene exploration. It is urgent to develop and improve marker-assisted breeding in litchi, so as to overcome the obstacles of traditional breeding and provide new technical support for genetic improvement in litchi breeding. In this paper, we summarized the application of litchi SSR and SNP, two kinds of specific molecular marker, on germplasm genetic relationships analysis, core collection construction, germplasm accurate identification and molecular barcode construction, hybrid identification, as well as genetic map construction. The paper was expected to provide theoretical and practical reference for the breeding application of specific molecular markers in litchi.

Key words: litchi, specific molecular markers, molecular marker-assisted selection, application in breeding

摘要： 荔枝育种长期以来主要依赖实生选种和表型选择，遗传改良进展缓慢，主要源于其种质资源遗传背景不清与品种名称混乱、杂种早期鉴定与功能基因发掘等现代高效育种技术欠缺等原因，因此亟待完善荔枝分子标记辅助选择育种技术，克服传统育种技术障碍，为荔枝遗传改良提供新的技术支撑。对近年来荔枝SSR和SNP两类特异性强的分子标记应用于种质亲缘关系研究、核心种质构建、种质精准鉴定与分子条码构建、真假杂种鉴别以及遗传图谱构建方面的进展进行了综述，以期为荔枝特异性分子标记在育种中的应用提供理论及实践参考。

关键词: 荔枝, 特异性分子标记, 分子标记辅助选择, 育种应用