Abstract:

Skeletal muscle homeostasis is essential for muscle health， and its dysregulation can lead to skeletal muscle atrophy and reduce quality of life. It has become a recognized global health problem. Studies have shown that mitochondria plays an important role in maintaining skeletal muscle homeostasis and health， and mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to skeletal muscle atrophy. However， its molecular mechanism is complex and has not been fully elucidated， which hinders the development of therapeutic drugs for skeletal muscle atrophy. This article reviewed the molecular mechanisms of mitochondria maintaining muscle homeostasis， expounded in detail the key roles of mitochondrial biogenesis， mitochondrial dynamics， mitochondrial autophagy and other processes in skeletal muscle health， discussed the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on skeletal muscle structure and function， and further summarized the methods of targeted regulation of mitochondrial function to treat skeletal muscle atrophy. It is helpful to understand the role of mitochondria in skeletal muscle as a whole， and provide theoretical basis and inspiration for the subsequent development of mitochondria-targeted drugs for the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy.

Key words: mitochondria, muscle homeostasis, skeletal muscle atrophy, mitochondrial dynamics

摘要：

骨骼肌稳态对于肌肉健康至关重要，其失调会导致骨骼肌萎缩并降低生活质量，现已成为公认的全球健康问题。研究表明，线粒体在维持骨骼肌稳态与健康中发挥重要作用，其功能障碍可导致骨骼肌萎缩，然而其发生分子机制较为复杂，目前尚未完全阐明，阻碍了骨骼肌萎缩治疗药物的开发。综述归纳了线粒体维持肌肉稳态涉及的分子机制，阐述了线粒体生物发生、线粒体动力学以及线粒体自噬等过程在骨骼肌健康中的关键作用，讨论了线粒体功能障碍对骨骼肌结构与功能的影响，总结了靶向调节线粒体功能治疗骨骼肌萎缩的方法，以期为后续研发治疗骨骼肌萎缩的线粒体靶向药物提供理论基础和启发。

关键词: 线粒体, 肌肉稳态, 骨骼肌萎缩, 线粒体动力学