Abstract:

The effects of mineral elements and phytohormones on mycelial growth and extracellular polysaccharide production of Morchella were discussed. The Morchella spp. was used as the test material. The diameter of colony on the different media was used as the inspection index to study the effect of different concentrations of mineral elements and hormones on mycelial growth of Morchella mycelium. Then， from each substance， several preferred mass concentrations and configure the culture medium were selected according to these mass concentrations to culture Morchella esculenta， and measured the polysaccharide content was measured. Results showed that， CaSO₄ in mineral elements played an important role in promoting the growth of Morchella esculenta. The effect was most obvious when the mass concentration was 10 g·L^-1. Low concentrations of MgSO₄ （<0.1 g·L^-1） promoted the growth of Morchella. At the concentration of 0.01 g·L^-1， the promotion effect was the strongest occured， and when the concentration was too high， the inhibition effect appeared and the inhibitory effect becomed more and more obvious with increasing concentration； salicylic acid had no obvious effect on the growth of Morchella. Methyl jasmonate at a suitable mass concentration （0.005~0.050 mg·L^-1） could promote the growth of Morchella mycelia. A certain concentration of CaSO₄ （about 10 g·L^-1） could promote the production of extracellular polysaccharides from Morchella. The higher the mass concentration of MgSO₄ was， the higher the total amount of extracellular polysaccharides of Morchella was. Appropriate concentration of CaSO₄， MgSO₄ and methyl jasmonate can promote the growth of Morchella mycelium， and salicylic acid had no effect on the growth of Morchella. CaSO₄ has a dual effect on the production of extracellular polysaccharides from Morchella. it not only inhibits the production of extracellular polysaccharides， but also promotes the production of extracellular polysaccharides. MgSO₄ shows a promotion effect on the production of extracelluar poly saccharicles.

Key words: Morchella exima, mineral elements, hormones, polysaccharides

摘要：

研究旨在探讨矿质元素和植物激素对超群羊肚菌菌丝生长和多糖产生的影响。以超群羊肚菌菌株为测试材料，以该菌株在不同质量浓度培养基上生长的菌落直径为考察指标，探究矿质元素和植物激素质量浓度对羊肚菌菌丝生长的影响；再从上述浓度梯度中选取菌丝生长较优的质量浓度，配置成培养基对羊肚菌进行培养，测定其多糖含量。结果显示，CaSO₄在一定的浓度范围内对羊肚菌菌丝的生长起到促进作用，在质量浓度为10 g·L^-1时促进作用最为明显；低浓度MgSO₄（<0.1 g·L^-1）对羊肚菌的菌丝生长起到促进作用，质量浓度为0.01 g·L^-1时促进作用最明显，浓度过高则出现抑制且随质量浓度升高抑制作用越明显；植物激素水杨酸对羊肚菌的生长无明显作用；适量质量浓度（0.005～0.05 mg·L^-1）的茉莉酸甲酯能促进羊肚菌菌丝的生长。一定质量浓度的CaSO₄（10 g·L^-1左右）可以促使羊肚菌产生胞外多糖；MgSO₄质量浓度越高，羊肚菌胞外多糖的总量越高。适量质量浓度的CaSO₄、MgSO₄和茉莉酸甲酯都能促进羊肚菌菌丝的生长，水杨酸对羊肚菌的生长无影响。CaSO₄对羊肚菌产生胞外多糖表现为双重作用，既可以抑制羊肚菌中胞外多糖产生也可促进其产生；MgSO₄对胞外多糖的产生则表现为促进作用。

关键词: 羊肚菌, 矿质元素, 植物激素, 多糖