Abstract: Microalgae, as single-celled organisms, are widely distributed in oceans and freshwater lakes. Microalgae are  used in the production of bioenergy and high-value products because they can accumulate a large amount of biomass in cells during their growth. Although microalgae have great potential, bottlenecks such as low lipid rate have not been solved in existing research. In recent years, gene engineering technology, especially new gene editing technology, has developed rapidly, and genome editing technology is fast and effective, which is conducive to fully understanding the genetic and molecular biological information of microalgae. Therefore, its application in microalgae has become a hot field in microalgae genetic engineering and bioengineering, and has attracted extensive attention. Based on this, several new gene editing technologies such as zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and clustered regularly spaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CAS (CRISPR-associated systems) nuclease system, etc, were briefly introduced. The application progress of these technologies in microalgae was reviewed, and the prospect of microalgae gene editing was made, in order to provide reference for further understanding and solving the problems related to microalgae gene editing.

Key words: gene editing, microalgae, ZFN, TALEN, CRISPR/Cas9

摘要： 微藻作为单细胞生物，广泛分布于海洋和淡水湖泊，由于其在生长过程中能在细胞内大量积累生物质，被应用于生物能源和高价值产品的生产。虽然微藻具有巨大潜力，但在现有研究中低脂质率等瓶颈问题仍未得到解决。近年来，基因工程技术尤其是新型基因编辑技术发展迅猛，基因组编辑技术快速、有效, 有利于充分了解微藻的遗传和分子生物学信息，因此将其应用于微藻成为微藻基因工程和生物工程的热点领域，受到广泛关注。基于此，简要介绍了锌指核酸酶（zinc finger nuclease, ZFN）、转录激活物样效应因子核酸酶(transcription activator-like effector nuclease, TALEN)和簇状规则间隔的短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, CRISPR)/Cas(CRISPR-associated systems)核酸酶系统等新型基因编辑技术，综述了上述技术在微藻中的应用进展，并对微藻基因编辑进行了展望，以期为深入了解和解决与微藻基因编辑有关的问题提供参考。

关键词: 基因编辑, 微藻, ZFN, TALEN, CRISPR/Cas9