Abstract: Under the background of the widespread prevalence of diseases caused by various highly pathogenic pathogens, avian influenza viruses, food-borne microorganisms, etc., it is particularly important to use PCR technology for rapid laboratory diagnosis of the first or first wave of cases. At the same time, a variety of PCR-based detection technologies have been developed to diagnose, prevent or predict diseases more quickly, with high throughput and sensitivity. However, in the detection of actual pathogens, the results of low sensitivity and poor accuracy often occur, so the PCR enhancer was added in the PCR amplification system. The PCR enhancer could improves the performance of PCR in terms of yield, specificity, sensitivity, etc. so as to optimize nucleic acid detection, solve the application bottleneck of pathogen detection, and save valuable time for the first pathogen detection. This review introduced the application and mechanism of PCR enhancer in combination with PCR-based nucleic acid in vitro amplification detection technology, in order to provide some reference for the practical application of nucleic acid detection.

Key words: PCR enhancer, nucleic acid detection, nanophase materials

摘要： 在各种高致病性病原体、禽流感病毒、食源性微生物等引起的疾病随时大规模流行的背景下，利用聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction，PCR）技术对第一例或第一波病例的快速实验室诊断显得尤为重要，同时发展出多种以PCR技术为基础的检测技术以便更加快速、高通量、敏感地对疾病进行诊断、预防或预测。然而，在实际病原体检测中，常常出现灵敏度低、准确性差的结果。PCR增强剂是在PCR及PCR衍生技术中添加的一类物质，其可从产率、特异性、灵敏度等方面提高核酸扩增性能，从而优化核酸检测，解决病原体检测的应用瓶颈，为第一例病原体检出节约宝贵的时间。结合以PCR为基础的核酸体外扩增检测技术对PCR增强剂在其中的应用、优缺点、作用机理进行介绍，以期为病原体核酸检测的实际应用提供一些参考。

关键词: PCR增强剂, 核酸检测, 纳米材料