Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) plays a vital role in the growth, development, anti-virus and transposon inactivation of plant, animal and fungi. At present, the RNAi technology has been successfully used to cultivate biotechnological products with excellent characteristics such as disease and insect resistance and quality improvement, which has provided strong support for the green development of agriculture. However, the relevant mechanism of RNAi has not been fully clarified yet, which makes transgenic plants based on RNAi technology face some problems that need to be solved urgently. At the same time, the safe and efficient supervision of the application of RNAi-based transgenic plants also needs to be further improved. Based on this situation, the current regulatory situation of RNAi-based transgenic plants and their breeding challenges were reviewed, and some suggestions for solving the existing problems were put forward, in order to provide new ideas for further application of RNAi technology in agricultural plant improvement and breeding, and provide basis for their regulatory evaluation.

Key words: RNAi-based transgenic plants, safety regulatory, off-target effect, silence efficiency, cross-kingdom regulation

摘要： RNA干扰（RNA interference，RNAi）在植物、动物和真菌的生长、发育、病毒防御和转座子失活中起着至关重要的作用。目前已成功利用RNAi技术培育出抗病虫和品质改良等具有优良性状的生物技术产品，为农业绿色发展提供了强有力的支撑。然而，目前RNAi的相关机制尚未完全明确，基于RNAi技术的转基因植物面临着一些亟待解决的问题，同时，对于RNAi转基因植物应用的安全高效监管也需进一步完善。基于此，对RNAi转基因植物的监管现状及其面临的育种上的挑战进行了综述，并对存在的问题提出了解决建议，以期为RNAi技术进一步应用于农业植物改良育种提供新思路，并为其监管评价提供依据。

关键词: RNAi转基因植物, 安全监管, 脱靶效应, 沉默效率, 跨界调控