Abstract: As the smallest non-nucleated blood cell, platelets play  important roles in regulating innate and adaptive immunity beyond the classic hemostatic function. However, the molecular mechanism of platelets in immune regulation remains relatively understudied. The mouse peritonitis model was constructed by injecting heat-inactivated Escherichia coli (E. coli) into the abdominal cavity. The dynamics of peritoneal immune cells and peripheral blood cells during acute inflammations were also detected by using blood routine, flow cytometry and other experimental methods. It was found that in the early stage of infection, neutrophils in the peripheral blood could quickly migrate to the abdominal cavity to participate in the inflammatory response, and the number and size of platelets were also changed significantly. The significant changes in the platelet transcriptome after infection were further revealed by RNA sequencing. Strikingly, the immune response-related genes, as well as the adhesion molecules in platelets were remarkably up-regulated. This study revealed the dramatic changes of platelet transcriptome under inflammatory conditions, providing a new perspective for understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of platelets in immune regulation.

Key words: peritonitis model, platelets, RNA sequencing, adhesion molecules

摘要： 作为血液中最小的无核血细胞，血小板除具有经典的止凝血功能外，在调节固有免疫和适应性免疫方面也发挥着重要作用。但是，对于血小板参与免疫调节的分子机制，目前研究相对较少。通过给小鼠腹腔注射热灭活的大肠杆菌构建了急性炎症模型，并借助血常规、流式细胞术等实验方法检测了炎症条件下腹腔免疫细胞以及外周血细胞的动态变化。研究发现，在感染早期小鼠外周血中性粒细胞能快速迁移至腹腔参与炎症反应，同时，血小板的数目和大小在感染早期也会发生显著变化。进一步的RNA-Seq分析发现，小鼠血小板的转录组在感染后发生显著改变，其中，免疫反应相关基因显著上调，血小板表面黏附分子的表达也显著增强。研究结果揭示了急性炎症条件下血小板转录组的变化，为了解血小板免疫功能的潜在分子机制提供了新的角度。

关键词: 腹膜炎模型, 血小板, RNA-Seq, 黏附分子