Abstract: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis refers to tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, which occurs in organs and locations other than the lungs. In recent years, the incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is increasing gradually, and patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis who fail to receive early and effective treatment may have serious consequences, such as deformity, paraplegia and even death. Microbiological detection is very important for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis from the perspective of etiology. Based on this, the general situation and application progress of microbiological diagnosis methods including bacteriological examination methods, Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen detection and molecular biology detection in recent years were summarized, and the advantages, disadvantages and applicable scope of these detection methods were analyzed and compared, in order to provide relevant information for the future research of etiological diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

Key words: extrapulmonary tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, microbiological diagnosis, molecular biological detection

摘要： 肺外结核病指由结核分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MTB）感染所引起的发生在肺部以外器官和部位的结核病。近年来肺外结核的发病率逐渐升高，未能得到早期有效治疗的肺外结核病患者可能并发畸形、截瘫甚至死亡等严重后果。微生物学检测方法对从病原学角度诊断肺外结核病至关重要。基于此，总结了近年来肺外结核病细菌学检查方法、结核分枝杆菌的抗原检测与分子生物学检测等微生物学诊断方法的概况及应用进展，并对这些检测方法的优缺点及适用范围进行了分析、比较，以期为今后肺外结核病病原学诊断的研究提供相关信息。

关键词: 肺外结核病, 结核分枝杆菌, 微生物学诊断, 分子生物学检测