Abstract: Paclitaxel is a diterpenic polyoxygenated pseudoalkaloid, which has a widespread medicinal value and its anticancer mechanism is unique, so it is recognized as one of the best antitumor agents. Using the microorganism fermentation method to produce taxol maybe an ideal way to solve the drug resources shortage in the future. This paper introduced the medicinal value and antitumor mechanism, summarized recent advances in biodiversity and its source of taxol-producing microorganisms. At last the paper also made a forecast of the future prospects on taxol-producing microorganism, which was expected to provide reference for research and development of taxol drug.

Key words: taxol-producing microorganism, Taxus endophytes, non Taxus endophytic fungi, soil saprophytic fungi

摘要： 紫杉醇是一种二萜多氧伪生物碱，其药用价值广泛，抗癌机理独特，是目前最好的抗癌药物之一。利用微生物发酵生产紫杉醇可能是未来解决药源短缺问题的理想途径。介绍了紫杉醇的药用价值和抗癌机理，并总结了紫杉醇产生菌生物多样性及其来源的相关研究进展，最后对紫杉醇产生菌的未来研究方向做出了展望，以期为紫杉醇药物的研发提供参考。

关键词: 紫杉醇产生菌, 红豆杉内生菌, 非红豆杉内生真菌, 腐生真菌