Abstract:

Mercury， as a global pollutant， represents a major research focus on public health due to its toxicity mechanisms and the development of prevention and control strategies. It mediates multi-organ toxicity through diverse pathways， including oxidative stress， epigenetic modifications， and mitochondrial dysfunction， with specific detrimental effects notably documented in the nervous， reproductive， and cardiovascular systems. Research has demonstrated that mercury exposure induces neuronal microtubule depolymerization， testicular fibrosis， and vascular endothelial dysfunction， and exacerbates multi-organ damage by activating inflammatory pathways such as NF-κB. Regarding prevention and treatment strategies， nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems and cellular adsorption techniques have significantly improved the targeting efficiency of chelation therapy. Concurrently， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） formulations exhibit unique advantages in mitigating treatment-associated side effects. This review summarized the toxicity of mercury to humans and its damage mechanisms across various organ systems， along with current control measures. Future research directions should prioritize integrating multi-omics technologies to elucidate the complex networks underlying mercury toxicity and developing precision interventions based on epigenetic regulation， thereby providing a stronger theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of mercury poisoning.

Key words: mercury poisoning, epigenetics, nanoparticle delivery, multi-omics

摘要：

汞作为全球性污染物，其毒性机制及防治策略是公共卫生领域的研究热点。汞通过氧化应激、表观遗传修饰及线粒体功能障碍等多途径介导跨器官毒性，尤其聚焦于其对神经、生殖和心血管系统的特异性损伤。研究发现，汞暴露可诱导神经元微管解聚、睾丸纤维化及血管内皮功能障碍，并通过激活NF-κB等炎症通路加剧多器官损伤。在防治策略方面，纳米载体递药系统和细胞吸附技术显著提高了螯合治疗的靶向性，而中药复方在减少治疗不良反应方面展现出独特优势。综述了汞对人体的毒性及其对人体各系统的损伤机制和防控措施，并提出整合多组学技术解析汞毒性网络、开发基于表观遗传调控的精准干预手段是未来的研究方向，期望为汞中毒防治提供理论支撑。

关键词: 汞中毒, 表观遗传, 纳米递送, 多组学