甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂生产及应用研究进展

doi:10.19586/j.2095-2341.2022.0131

生物技术进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (2): 210-219.DOI: 10.19586/j.2095-2341.2022.0131

甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂生产及应用研究进展

邱思元(), 徐晶雪(), 段育阳, 赵金玉, 赵文婧, 张莉欣, 任国领

大庆师范学院生物工程学院，黑龙江大庆 163712

收稿日期:2022-07-12 接受日期:2022-11-17 出版日期:2023-03-25 发布日期:2023-04-07
通讯作者: 徐晶雪
作者简介:邱思元 E-mail：1178735617@qq.com；
基金资助:
黑龙江省联合引导基金项目(LH2020C070);2022年黑龙江省大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202210235030)

Research Progress on Production and Application of Mannosylerythritol Lipids

Siyuan QIU(), Jingxue XU(), Yuyang DUAN, Jinyu ZHAO, Wenjing ZHAO, Lixin ZHANG, Guoling REN

College of Bioengineering，Daqing Normal University，Heilongjiang Daqing 163712，China

Received:2022-07-12 Accepted:2022-11-17 Online:2023-03-25 Published:2023-04-07
Contact: Jingxue XU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂（mannosylerythritol lipids, MELs）是一种生物表面活性剂，除具有可降解、毒性低、生物兼容性好等优点，还因其特有的代谢、合成途径与结构特性，而具有基因转染、广谱抗菌、皮肤修复等多种功能。MELs在医疗、日化、食品、农业、生态修复等各领域应用前景巨大，被公认为是现今最有潜力的生物表面活性剂。然而，不同种属所生产的MELs之间结构差异性大且生产方式较落后，合成与作用机制尚不清晰，因而无法实现规模商业化生产。从结构特性、生产纯化、应用途径等方面重点阐述了MELs相关研究进展，以期阐明其结构与功能的多样性，为实现靶向MELs的定制生产，降低生产成本，加快实现其规模化应用提供参考。

关键词: 甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂, 生物表面活性剂, 微生物

Abstract:

As　a type of biosurfactant， mannosylerythritol lipids （MELs） have merits with biodegradability， low toxicity and good biocompatibility. Due to its distinct structural， metabolic， and synthetic features， it also performs a wide range of other tasks， including skin restoration， gene transfection， and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. MELs has a promising future in a number of industries， including medicine， daily chemicals， food， agriculture， and ecological restoration， which is widely recognized as one of the most promising biosurfactants. However， because of the great structural heterogeneity， backward manufacturing style of MELs generated by various species， hazy synthesis and uncertain mechanism of action， it is hard to carry out large-scale commercial production. The paper aimed to clarify the diversity of its structure and function， so as to provide reference for the realization of customized production targeting MELs. By focusing on the aspects of structural characteristics， production purification， application path and so on， the paper was hoped to help reduce the production cost and accelerate the realization of its large-scale application.

Key words: mannosylerythritol lipids, bio-surfactants, microorganism

中图分类号:

Q549

邱思元, 徐晶雪, 段育阳, 赵金玉, 赵文婧, 张莉欣, 任国领. 甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂生产及应用研究进展[J]. 生物技术进展, 2023, 13(2): 210-219.

Siyuan QIU, Jingxue XU, Yuyang DUAN, Jinyu ZHAO, Wenjing ZHAO, Lixin ZHANG, Guoling REN. Research Progress on Production and Application of Mannosylerythritol Lipids[J]. Current Biotechnology, 2023, 13(2): 210-219.

图/表 4

图1 MELs的化学式注：MEL-A：R1=R2=Ac；MEL-B：R1=Ac，R2=H；MEL-C：R1=H，R2=Ac。n=6~10

Fig. 1 Chemical formula of MELs

图2 甘露糖基赤藓糖醇脂的合成途径注：meso-Erythritol—赤藓醇；Emt1—糖基转移酶；Mac1、Mac2—酰基转移酶；Mat1—乙酰基转移酶；n＝6或8。ME—甘露糖基赤藓糖醇；MEL-D—脱乙酰化甘露糖基赤藓糖醇脂质；MEL-C—4′-乙酰化甘露糖基赤藓糖醇脂质[9]。

Fig. 2 Lipid synthesis pathway of mannosyl erythritol

表1 常见的MELs生物来源及所产类型

Table 1 Biological sources and types of common MELs

菌株种类	主产类型	参考文献
P. antarctica	MEL-A	[12]
P. churashimeensis	MEL-A	[12]
P. fusiformata	MEL-A	[12]
P. parantarctica	MEL-A	[9]
P. aphids	MEL-A	[12]
P. rugulosa	MEL-A	[9]
南极假单胞杆菌	MEL-A	[8]
P. crassa	MEL-A,-B	[13]
P. tsukubaensis	MEL-B	[13]
P. hubeiensis	MEL-C	[13]
P. graminicola	MEL-C	[12]
P. siamensis	MEL-C	[12]
P. shanxiensis	MEL-C	[15]
湖北锥菌SY62	MEL-C	[8]
P. antractia PYCC 5048	MELs	[15]
P. aphidis PYCC 5535	MELs	[15]
P. antarctious	MEL-C,-D	[8]
Ustilago scitaminee	MEL-A,-B	[8]
Ustilago maydis	MEL-A,-B,-C	[12]
Uredo cynodontis	MEL-C	[12]
P. siamensis CBS 9906	MEL-C	[14]

图3 MEL生产的时间过程和干燥细胞重量[19]注：Batch—分批补料培养；Fed-(a)—增添大豆油；Fed-(b)—增添大豆油与酵母提取物；Fed-(c)—增添大豆油、酵母提取物和葡萄糖。

Fig. 3 Time course of MEL production and dried cell weight [19]

参考文献 40

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甘露糖赤藓糖醇脂生产及应用研究进展

Research Progress on Production and Application of Mannosylerythritol Lipids

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